Home / Maps / Writing direction WORLD ATLAS
World Writing Direction Map by Country In the available data for 236 countries and territories, the largest country groups are Left to right (208 countries and territories), Right to left (21 countries and territories), Left to right with vertical writing (7 countries and territories). Japan is classified as Left to right with vertical writing (main language: Japanese). Data period: Current CLDR and Unicode classification. The three-way classification follows the largest functional language and does not cover every language or writing practice in multilingual countries.
Rankings Maps 01 / CATEGORY MAP
See the usual writing direction of each country’s main language. Coverage: 236 countries and territories. Compare the usual direction of each country’s main language; multilingual countries use additional writing systems.
Japan Left to right with vertical writing
Japan, Left to right with vertical writing
Fiji: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Tanzania: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Western Sahara: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Canada: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data United States: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Kazakhstan: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Uzbekistan: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Papua New Guinea: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Indonesia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Argentina: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Chile: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Democratic Republic of the Congo: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Somalia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Kenya: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Sudan: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Chad: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Haiti: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Dominican Republic: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Russia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Bahamas: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Falkland Islands: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Norway: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Greenland: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Fr. S. Antarctic Lands: No data Timor-Leste: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data South Africa: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Lesotho: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Mexico: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Uruguay: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Brazil: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Bolivia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Peru: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Colombia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Panama: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Costa Rica: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Nicaragua: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Honduras: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data El Salvador: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Guatemala: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Belize: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Venezuela: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Guyana: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Suriname: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data France: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Ecuador: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Puerto Rico: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Jamaica: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Cuba: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Zimbabwe: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Botswana: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Namibia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Senegal: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Mali: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Mauritania: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Benin: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Niger: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Nigeria: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Cameroon: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Togo: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Ghana: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Côte d’Ivoire: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Guinea: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Guinea-Bissau: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Liberia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Sierra Leone: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Burkina Faso: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Central African Republic: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Republic of the Congo: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Gabon: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Equatorial Guinea: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Zambia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Malawi: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Mozambique: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Eswatini: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Angola: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Burundi: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Israel: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Lebanon: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Madagascar: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Palestine: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Gambia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Tunisia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Algeria: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Jordan: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data United Arab Emirates: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Qatar: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Kuwait: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Iraq: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Oman: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Vanuatu: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Cambodia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Thailand: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Laos: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Myanmar: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Vietnam: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data North Korea: Left to right with vertical writing Classified from CLDR main-language data South Korea: Left to right with vertical writing Classified from CLDR main-language data Mongolia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data India: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Bangladesh: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Bhutan: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Nepal: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Pakistan: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Afghanistan: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Tajikistan: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Kyrgyzstan: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Turkmenistan: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Iran: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Syria: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Armenia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Sweden: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Belarus: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Ukraine: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Poland: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Austria: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Hungary: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Moldova: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Romania: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Lithuania: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Latvia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Estonia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Germany: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Bulgaria: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Greece: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Türkiye: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Albania: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Croatia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Switzerland: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Luxembourg: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Belgium: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Netherlands: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Portugal: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Spain: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Ireland: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data New Caledonia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Solomon Islands: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data New Zealand: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Australia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Sri Lanka: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data China: Left to right with vertical writing Classified from CLDR main-language data Taiwan: Left to right with vertical writing Classified from CLDR main-language data Italy: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Denmark: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data United Kingdom: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Iceland: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Azerbaijan: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Georgia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Philippines: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Malaysia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Brunei: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Slovenia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Finland: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Slovakia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Czechia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Eritrea: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Japan: Left to right with vertical writing Classified from CLDR main-language data Paraguay: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Yemen: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Saudi Arabia: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Antarctica: No data N. Cyprus: No data Cyprus: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Morocco: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Egypt: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Libya: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Ethiopia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Djibouti: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Somaliland: No data Uganda: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Rwanda: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Bosnia and Herzegovina: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data North Macedonia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Serbia: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Montenegro: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data Kosovo: No data Trinidad and Tobago: Left to right Classified from CLDR main-language data South Sudan: Right to left Classified from CLDR main-language data Japan Russia Canada United States China Brazil Australia India Argentina Kazakhstan Algeria Democratic Republic of the Congo Saudi Arabia Mexico Indonesia Sudan Iran Mongolia Peru South Africa Angola Mali Colombia Ethiopia Bolivia Greenland Nigeria Türkiye Namibia France Norway Ukraine Madagascar Thailand Uzbekistan Paraguay Malaysia New Zealand Philippines United Kingdom Move map ⛶ Expand map+ − Reset
Left → right Right → left Horizontal + vertical No data
Choose a country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Curaçao Cyprus Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Republic of the Congo Reunion Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Barthelemy Saint Helena Saint Pierre and Miquelon Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Martin (French part) St. Vincent and the Grenadines Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Türkiye Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu U.S. Virgin Islands Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe CONTROLS On mobile, turn on map controls before pinching or dragging. On desktop, drag to move and use Ctrl/⌘ + scroll to zoom.
× JPN Classified from CLDR main-language data
Japan Japan
Compare with Japan Select another country to compare.
View Japan's profile and all rankings→ Writing direction Left to right with vertical writing Main language Japanese
Area 377,969 km² World # 63
Population 123,366,734 people World # 12 Did you know? This card summarizes the country's leading category. Definitions, years and coverage vary, so check the breakdown and source notes below.
02 / ABOUT THIS DATA
How to read the World Writing Direction Map by Country Coverage: 236 countries and territories. Compare the usual direction of each country’s main language; multilingual countries use additional writing systems.
Coverage 236 countries and territories
Largest country groups Left to right (208), Right to left (21), Left to right with vertical writing (7)
Japan’s position Left to right with vertical writing (main language: Japanese)
Data period Current CLDR and Unicode classification The three-way classification follows the largest functional language and does not cover every language or writing practice in multilingual countries.
03 / COUNTRY DIRECTORY
Browse representative countries from this map. This map covers 236 countries and territories. The directory samples 36 countries across the largest categories. Browse all countries →
Representative countries Categories and details36 of 236