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COUNTRY PROFILE / ROU

Romania

Romania / RO

01 / BASIC INFORMATION

Romania in numbers.

Area238,400 kmยฒWorld # 82 โ†’Population19MWorld # 67 โ†’Population density79.8 people/kmยฒWorld # 118 โ†’Life expectancy76.5 yearsWorld # 92 โ†’GDP per capitaUS$ 22,538World # 70 โ†’

02 / ALL RANKINGS

Romania across 51 rankings.

Essentials

Area238,400 kmยฒWorld # 82 / 2023 โ†’Population19MWorld # 67 / 2025 โ†’Population density79.8 people/kmยฒWorld # 118 / Population 2025 ยท area 2023 โ†’Independence / founding reference year1,877World # 144 / CIA World Factbook 2025 archive โ†’

People & society

Population growth-0.2%World # 185 / 2025 โ†’Total fertility rate1.4World # 178 / 2024 โ†’Birth rate7.5 per 1,000 peopleWorld # 196 / 2024 โ†’Death rate12.8 per 1,000 peopleWorld # 13 / 2024 โ†’Median age42.6 yearsWorld # 35 / 2023 โ†’Population aged 65+20.1%World # 37 / 2025 โ†’Population aged 0โ€“1415.6%World # 172 / 2025 โ†’Urban population52.2%World # 150 / 2025 โ†’Net migration-29KWorld # 182 / 2025 โ†’Net migration rate-1.5 per 1,000 peopleWorld # 144 / 2025 โ†’International migrant share3.4%World # 130 / 2024 โ†’

Health

Life expectancy76.5 yearsWorld # 92 / 2024 โ†’Healthy life expectancy63.8 yearsWorld # 74 / 2021 โ†’Physicians per 1,000 people3.6 per 1,000 peopleWorld # 41 / 2022 โ†’Smoking rate29.7%World # 30 / 2024 โ†’

Economy & work

GDP per capitaUS$ 22,538World # 70 / 2025 โ†’Nominal GDPUS$ 428.7BWorld # 38 / 2025 โ†’GDP per capita (PPP)US$ 50,895World # 52 / 2025 โ†’Real GDP growth0.7%World # 181 / 2025 โ†’Inflation7.2%World # 38 / 2025 โ†’Unemployment6%World # 75 / 2025 โ†’Youth unemployment24.5%World # 33 / 2025 โ†’Average annual working hours1,826 hours/yearWorld # 82 / 2023 โ†’Average sleep timeNo dataNo rank โ†’Income inequality (Gini index)29.8World # 134 / 2023 โ†’

Education & science

Education spending (% of GDP)3.3%World # 132 / 2022 โ†’Researchers per million people1,082.1 per million peopleWorld # 59 / 2023 โ†’R&D spending (% of GDP)0.5%World # 66 / 2023 โ†’Patent applications per million people40.6 per million peopleWorld # 40 / 2021 โ†’

Food & agriculture

Calorie supply per person3,649 kcal/dayWorld # 14 / 2023 โ†’Meat supply per person72.4 kg/person/yearWorld # 58 / 2023 โ†’Rice production14.4K tWorld # 98 / 2024 โ†’Wheat production9.3M tWorld # 18 / 2024 โ†’Coffee productionNo dataNo rank โ†’Coffee consumption per personNo dataNo rank โ†’

Environment & digital

Forest area30.1%World # 109 / 2023 โ†’Electricity use per person2,585 kWh/personWorld # 76 / 2023 โ†’COโ‚‚ emissions per person3.6 tWorld # 98 / 2024 โ†’Internet use91.3%World # 52 / 2024 โ†’Mobile subscriptions119.8 per 100 peopleWorld # 91 / 2024 โ†’

Safety & politics

Homicide rate1.1 per 100,000 peopleWorld # 136 / 2023 โ†’Road traffic death rate10.3 per 100,000 peopleWorld # 124 / 2019 โ†’Military spending (% of GDP)2.3%World # 48 / 2024 โ†’Women in parliament22.4%World # 112 / 2025 โ†’

Travel & culture

International tourist arrivals5MWorld # 37 / 2020 โ†’International tourism receiptsUS$ 1.6BWorld # 62 / 2020 โ†’World Heritage sites11 sitesWorld # 32 / 2026-07 โ†’

03 / CULTURE & INDUSTRY

Society, culture and industry.

Largest religious groupChristianity2021 / 92.3%Main languageRomanianMain functional languageLeading electricity sourceHydro2025Top export categoryMachinery and electrical equipment2023Most mapped OSM sportFootball and futsal6,383 facilities countedWriting directionLeft to rightRomanianLargest staple-food calorie sourceWheat2023Current currencyRomanian LeuRONDriving sideRight-hand trafficSide of the road used by trafficCountry-name originPlaces and landformsAncient Rome