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COUNTRY PROFILE / MNG

Mongolia

Mongolia / MN

01 / BASIC INFORMATION

Mongolia in numbers.

Area1,564,116 kmยฒWorld # 18 โ†’Population3.6MWorld # 132 โ†’Population density2.3 people/kmยฒWorld # 214 โ†’Life expectancy72.4 yearsWorld # 132 โ†’GDP per capitaUS$ 7,108World # 118 โ†’

02 / ALL RANKINGS

Mongolia across 51 rankings.

Essentials

Area1,564,116 kmยฒWorld # 18 / 2023 โ†’Population3.6MWorld # 132 / 2025 โ†’Population density2.3 people/kmยฒWorld # 214 / Population 2025 ยท area 2023 โ†’Independence / founding reference year1,911World # 135 / CIA World Factbook 2025 archive โ†’

People & society

Population growth1.2%World # 83 / 2025 โ†’Total fertility rate2.5World # 78 / 2024 โ†’Birth rate16.9 per 1,000 peopleWorld # 89 / 2024 โ†’Death rate5.5 per 1,000 peopleWorld # 178 / 2024 โ†’Median age26.8 yearsWorld # 153 / 2023 โ†’Population aged 65+5.4%World # 140 / 2025 โ†’Population aged 0โ€“1431.6%World # 62 / 2025 โ†’Urban population71.1%World # 85 / 2025 โ†’Net migration79World # 83 / 2025 โ†’Net migration rate0 per 1,000 peopleWorld # 85 / 2025 โ†’International migrant share0.6%World # 187 / 2024 โ†’

Health

Life expectancy72.4 yearsWorld # 132 / 2024 โ†’Healthy life expectancy61.3 yearsWorld # 111 / 2021 โ†’Physicians per 1,000 people4.1 per 1,000 peopleWorld # 28 / 2022 โ†’Smoking rate29.5%World # 31 / 2024 โ†’

Economy & work

GDP per capitaUS$ 7,108World # 118 / 2025 โ†’Nominal GDPUS$ 25.4BWorld # 124 / 2025 โ†’GDP per capita (PPP)US$ 20,798World # 103 / 2025 โ†’Real GDP growth6.8%World # 22 / 2025 โ†’Inflation8.6%World # 30 / 2025 โ†’Unemployment5.2%World # 92 / 2025 โ†’Youth unemployment11.7%World # 100 / 2025 โ†’Average annual working hoursNo dataNo rank โ†’Average sleep timeNo dataNo rank โ†’Income inequality (Gini index)31.4World # 121 / 2022 โ†’

Education & science

Education spending (% of GDP)5.2%World # 54 / 2024 โ†’Researchers per million people535.4 per million peopleWorld # 79 / 2022 โ†’R&D spending (% of GDP)0.1%World # 128 / 2022 โ†’Patent applications per million people30.5 per million peopleWorld # 46 / 2021 โ†’

Food & agriculture

Calorie supply per person3,031 kcal/dayWorld # 84 / 2023 โ†’Meat supply per person136.1 kg/person/yearWorld # 2 / 2023 โ†’Rice productionNo dataNo rank โ†’Wheat production397.3K tWorld # 64 / 2024 โ†’Coffee productionNo dataNo rank โ†’Coffee consumption per personNo dataNo rank โ†’

Environment & digital

Forest area9.1%World # 168 / 2023 โ†’Electricity use per person2,728 kWh/personWorld # 72 / 2023 โ†’COโ‚‚ emissions per person12.9 tWorld # 16 / 2024 โ†’Internet use85.1%World # 87 / 2024 โ†’Mobile subscriptions140.7 per 100 peopleWorld # 39 / 2024 โ†’

Safety & politics

Homicide rate5.9 per 100,000 peopleWorld # 58 / 2023 โ†’Road traffic death rate21 per 100,000 peopleWorld # 64 / 2019 โ†’Military spending (% of GDP)0.7%World # 134 / 2024 โ†’Women in parliament25.4%World # 99 / 2025 โ†’

Travel & culture

International tourist arrivals66.9KWorld # 180 / 2020 โ†’International tourism receiptsUS$ 49MWorld # 161 / 2020 โ†’World Heritage sites6 sitesWorld # 59 / 2026-07 โ†’

03 / CULTURE & INDUSTRY

Society, culture and industry.

Largest religious groupBuddhism2020 / 51.8%Main languageMongolianMain functional languageLeading electricity sourceCoal2025Top export categoryMinerals and fuels2023Most mapped OSM sportBasketball625 facilities countedWriting directionLeft to rightMongolianLargest staple-food calorie sourceWheat2023Current currencyTugrikMNTDriving sideRight-hand trafficSide of the road used by trafficCountry-name originPeoples and ethnic groupsMongols